Humidity Gauge - Hygrometer

A Hygrometer (UK: /haɪˈɡrɒmɪtə/) is an instrument used for measuring the moisture content in the environmental air, or humidity. Humidity is difficult to measure accurately. Most measurement devices usually rely on measurements of some other quantity such as temperature, pressure, mass or a mechanical or electrical change in a substance as moisture is absorbed.

From calculations based on physical principles, or especially by calibration with a reference standard, these measured quantities can lead to a measurement of humidity. Modern electronic devices use temperature of condensation, changes in electrical resistance, and changes in electrical capacitance to measure humidity changes.

Digital Pressure Test Gauges

Applications:

• • Precision pressure measurement
• • Field gauge calibration
• • Pressure safety valve (PSV) testing
• • Pressure regulator testing

Features:

• • Pressure ranges to 36,000 psi (2500 bar)
• • 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1% or 0.2% FS accuracy
• • % pressure indication with fan-shaped graph scale for visual reference
• • Fully temperature compensated accuracy

Removing gauge needles with a fork

This video illustrates the easiest way that I have found to remove the gauge needles from an instrument cluster.

Sheet Metal Thickness Gauges

Gauge (ga)	Standard Steel Thickness (inches)	Galvanized Steel Thickness (inches)	Aluminum Thickness (inches)
3	0.2391		0.2294
4	0.2242		0.2043
5	0.2092		0.1819
6	0.1943		0.1620
7	0.1793		0.1443
8	0.1644		0.1285
9	0.1495	0.1532	0.1144
10	0.1345	0.1382	0.1019
11	0.1196	0.1233	0.0907
12	0.1046	0.1084	0.0808
13	0.0897	0.0934	0.0720
14	0.0747	0.0785	0.0641
15	0.0673	0.0710	0.0571
16	0.0598	0.0635	0.0508
17	0.0538	0.0575	0.0453
18	0.0478	0.0516	0.0403
19	0.0418	0.0456	0.0359
20	0.0359	0.0396	0.0320
21	0.0329	0.0366	0.0285
22	0.0299	0.0336	0.0253
23	0.0269	0.0306	0.0226
24	0.0239	0.0276	0.0201
25	0.0209	0.0247	0.0179
26	0.0179	0.0217	0.0159
27	0.0164	0.0202	0.0142
28	0.0149	0.0187	0.0126
29	0.0135	0.0172	0.0113
30	0.0120	0.0157	0.0100
31	0.0105	0.0142	0.0089
32	0.0097	0.0134	0.0080
33	0.0090		0.0071
34	0.0082		0.0063
35	0.0075		0.0056
36	0.0067

Sheet Metal

Sheet metal is simply metal formed into thin and flat pieces. It is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking, and can be cut and bent into a variety of different shapes. Countless everyday objects are constructed of the material. Thicknesses can vary significantly, although extremely thin thicknesses are considered foil or leaf, and pieces thicker than 6 mm (0.25 in) are considered plate.

Sheet metal is available in flat pieces or as a coiled strip. The coils are formed by running a continuous sheet of metal through a roll slitter.

The thickness of the sheet metal is called its gauge. The gauge of sheet metal ranges from 30 gauge to about 8 gauge. The larger the gauge number, the thinner the metal.

There are many different metals that can be made into sheet metal, such as aluminum, brass, copper, steel, tin, nickel and titanium. For decorative uses, important sheet metals include silver, gold, and platinum (platinum sheet metal is also utilized as a catalyst.)

Sheet metal has applications in car bodies, airplane wings, medical tables, roofs for buildings and many other things. Sheet metal of iron and other materials with high magnetic permeability, also known as laminated steel cores, has applications in transformers and electric machines. Historically, an important use of sheet metal was in plate armor worn by cavalry, and sheet metal continues to have many decorative uses, including in horse tack.

Magnehelic Pressure Gauge Series 2000

Mounting. A single case size is used for most ranges of Magnehelic gages. They can be flush or surface mounted with standard hardware supplied. With the optional A-610 Pipe Mounting Kit they may be conveniently installed on horizontal or vertical 1 1/4" - 2" pipe. Although calibrated for vertical position, many ranges above 1 inch may be used at any angle by simply re-zeroing.

However, for maximum accuracy, they must be calibrated in the same position in which they are used. These characteristics make Magnehelic gages ideal for both stationary and portable applications. A 4 9/16" hole is required for flush panel mounting. Complete mounting and connection fittings plus instructions are furnished with each instrument.

PHYSICAL DATA

• Ambient temperature range: 20° to 140° F.*
• Rated total pressure: -20" Hg. to 15 psig.+
• Overpressure: Relief plug opens at approximately 25 psig
• Connections: 1/8"' NPT female high and low pressure taps duplicated - one pair side and one pair back.
• Housing: Die cast aluminum. Case and aluminum parts Iridite-dipped to withstand 168 hour salt spray test. Exterior finish is baked dark gray hammerloid.
• Accuracy: Plus or minus 2% of full scale (3% on - 0 and 4% on - 00 ranges), throughout range at 70°F.
• Standard accessories: Two 1/8" NPT plugs for duplicate pressure taps, two 1/8" pipe thread to rubber tubing adapter and three flush mounting adapters with screws. (Mounting and snap ring retainer substituted for 3 adapters in MP & HP gage accessories.)
• Weight: 1 lb. 2 OZ.
• * Low temperature models available as special option.
• + For applications with high cycle rate within gage total pressure rating next higher rating is recommended. See Medium and High pressure options lower left.

More details will be written later.

Diaphragm Type Differential Gauges

Model 130

DP Range 130: 0-5" H20
(0-12.4 mbar) thru 0-400" H2O (0-1 bar)

• Total separation of high and low by a convoluted elastomer diaphragm.
• Sensor magnetically coupled to the indicating pointer and optional switches.
• Suitable for use on virtually all reasonably clean liquids or gases.
• Over-range protection to full rated working pressure.
• Diaphragm design allows use of dissimilar fluids on high and low side of gauge.
• Can be used with vacuum or pressure applications
• Weatherproof rated to NEMA 4X/IP65.
• Body Materials: Glass Reinforced Engineered. Plastic, Aluminum, 316L Stainless Steel & Brass
• Working Pressure: 300 PSIG Glass Reinforced Plastic Body
• Working Pressure: 500 PSIG Aluminum, Brass and 316 S.S. Bodies
• Shatter resistant lens.
• 4-1/2" Round Engineered Plastic Dial Housing Assy. (Standard)
• Operating Temp. -40º F to +200º F (-40ºC to +93ºC)
• DP Ranges available in: Inches H2O, PSID, mbar, and Kpa
• Also available with Square Root dials for flow measurement

The low range capability of the Model 130 is ideally suited for flow, liquid level and vacuum applications. Magnetic coupling between the sensing element and the indicating pointer provides for complete isolation of the process fluid within the pressure capsule. The few internal metal parts are 316L Stainless Steel.

Common Applications: Tank Level Monitoring Horizontal or Vertical Flow, Liquid Level, Indication/Balancing, Filter Monitoring for Gases, Water Treatment Applications and Vacuum Application.

Magnehelic Gauge. What Is A Magnehelic Gauge?

Mahnehelic Gauge
What Is A Magnehelic Gauge

A magnehelic pressure gauge is a device, similar to a manometer, used to measure positive, negative and differential pressures. These gauges are often used in the HVAC industry to measure pressure drop across air filters to determine when it is time for them to be changed.

Although magnehelic gauges are resistant to shock and vibration, they are extremely sensitive and accurate. Calibration is very easy due to the zero calibration screw located on the plastic cover. Although Dwyer makes gauges in about thirty different pressure ranges, the most common ranges are 0 to 0.5 in, w,g. (25 Pa), 0 to 1.0 in. w.g. (250 Pa), and 0 to 5.0 in. w. g. (1250 Pa). They consist of a die cast aluminum case and bezel with an acrylic cover. Magnehelic gauge accuracy is typically + or – 2%.

If you want to know more details, please go to the Magnehelic Gauge web.

Strain Gauge

Typical foil strain gauge. The gauge is far more sensitive to strain in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction. The markings outside the active area help to align the gauge during installation.

A strain gauge is a device used to measure the strain of an object. Invented by Edward E. Simmons and Arthur C. Ruge in 1938, the most common type of strain gauge consists of an insulating flexible backing which supports a metallic foil pattern. The gauge is attached to the object by a suitable adhesive, such as cyanoacrylate.As the object is deformed, the foil is deformed, causing its electrical resistance to change. This resistance change, usually measured using a Wheatstone bridge, is related to the strain by the quantity known as the gauge factor.

Physical operation

A strain gauge takes advantage of the physical property of electrical conductance and its dependence on not merely the electrical conductivity of a conductor, which is a property of its material, but also the conductor's geometry. When an electrical conductor is stretched within the limits of its elasticity such that it does not break or permanently deform, it will become narrower and longer, changes that increase its electrical resistance end-to-end. Conversely, when a conductor is compressed such that it does not buckle, it will broaden and shorten, changes that decrease its electrical resistance end-to-end. From the measured electrical resistance of the strain gauge, the amount of applied stress may be inferred.

A typical strain gauge arranges a long, thin conductive strip in a zig-zag pattern of parallel lines such that a small amount of stress in the direction of the orientation of the parallel lines results in a multiplicatively larger strain over the effective length of the conductor—and hence a multiplicatively larger change in resistance—than would be observed with a single straight-line conductive wire. Strain gauges measure only local deformations and can be manufactured small enough to allow a "finite element" like analysis of the stresses to which the specimen is subject. This can be positively used in fatigue studies of materials.

Ball Pressure Gauge

Tachikara GAUGE Ball Pressure Gauge. Price is around $12.95

Atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure is the force per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of air above that surface in the Earth's atmosphere. In most circumstances atmospheric pressure is closely approximated by the hydrostatic pressure caused by the weight of air above the measurement point. Low pressure areas have less atmospheric mass above their location, whereas high pressure areas have more atmospheric mass above their location.

Similarly, as elevation increases there is less overlying atmospheric mass, so that pressure decreases with increasing elevation. A column of air one square centimetre in cross-section, measured from sea level to the top of the atmosphere, has a mass of about a kilogram and a weight of 63N (and a column one inch in cross-section would weigh about 14 lb).

Ashcroft Low Pressure Gauge

Ashcroft Low Pressure Gauge

• # 2½" and 3½" dial size
• # Glass-filled polysulfone case material
• # Beryllium copper diaphragm
• # Brass Socket
• # Wetted materials of beryllium copper, brass, polysulfone and RTV silicone

The Ashcroft® Type 1490 low pressure diaphragm gauge is designed to measure pressure from 10 in.H2O to 15psi, both positive and negative pressures. This gauge uses a very sensitive diaphragm capsule to measure low pressure and vacuum.

The gauge is specifically designed for use whenever the pressure medium is a gas that is not corrosive to beryllium copper, brass, polysulfone and RTV silicone. Typical applications are, but not limited to, vacuum pumps, gas leak detectors, air compressors, air filters, gas burners, gas measurement, vacuum ovens, suction regulators and respirators.

Pressure gauge.

Glycerin Filled Pressure Gauge

Glycerin Filled Pressure Gauge

Why we need glycerin filled pressure gauge? What application that is using this type of pressure gauge? Normally pressure gauge is using at power plant to monitor some parameter at pumps, hydraulic system, tank gauging, process in the pipeline, steam pressure at turbine and boiler, general power plant process and many more.

Pressure Gauge without oil (glycerin filled)

The traditional pressure gauge is just to indicate the pressure of the process and they are too sensitive with condensation and vibration. That’s why nowadays we have a glycerin filled pressure gauge in the market to cater the problem.

The lifespan of glycerin filled pressure gauge compared with the standard pressure gauge is more longer because it has a fewer moving parts in the glass. The housing is filled up with viscous oil. This oil filling is beneficial to dampen pointer vibration and make sure that humid ambient air restricted to enter. As the result the water cannot be condensed and accumulate in the glass.

Mercury in Steel / Gas Filled Thermometer

Mercury in Steel / Gas Filled Thermometer

These thermometers enable measurement of temperature with an accuracy of +1% of the maximum scale value. This kind of thermometer system comprises a sensor bulb, transmitting capillary and a case containing a Bourdon Tube element. The system is filled with pressurized mercury. Temperature variation is measured by the Bourdon Tube system, and indicated on a dial.

More details.

Electrostatic Precipitator ESP and Pre-Heater Blow Tanks Pressure Gauges

List of WIKA Pressure Gauges:

Items: Pressure gauge
Bourdon tube pressure gauge, stainless steel series
Manufacturer: Wika
Model: 232.50
Measuring system: Stainless steel
Case: Stainless steel with pressure vent
Bezel ring: Cam ring (bayonet type), stainless steel
Accuracy class: NS63: class 1.6; NS 100/160: class 1.0
Nominal size: 100 mm
Scale range: 0 kPa...400 kPa
Process connection: Diaphragm seal
Connector position: Lower mount
Window: Laminated safety glass
Pointer: Standard black
with integrated Alarm Contact, Electronic Sensor Series Model 830 E
first switch operation: breaks (2)
second switch operation: breaks (2)
Electrical connection: plug sidewise
Flange type: Flushed diaphragm
Model: 990.27
Process connection: ANSI 2” class 150# RF
Material of wetted parts: Stainless steel 316 series
Assembly: Direct assembly with PTFE lining
Fill fluid: KN2 Silicon oil

Items: Pressure gauge
Bourdon tube pressure gauge, stainless steel series
Manufacturer: Wika
Model: 232.50
Measuring system: Stainless steel
Case: Stainless steel with pressure vent
Bezel ring: Cam ring (bayonet type), stainless steel
Accuracy class: NS63: class 1.6; NS 100/160: class 1.0
Nominal size: 100 mm
Scale range: -10 kPa...10 kPa
Process connection: G ½ B (male), 22mm flats
Connector position: Lower mount
Window: Laminated safety glass
Pointer: Standard black
with integrated Alarm Contact, Magnetic Snap-Action Contacts, Model 821.3, SPDT
Electrical connection: plug sidewise
Maximun contact rating with non-inductive load
Maximum voltage: 250 V
Current ratings: Make rating: 1.0 A; Break rating: 1.0 A; Continous load: 0.6 A
Maximum load: 20 W 20 VA
No of contact sets: 1
Switch version: L
Liquid filling: Glycerine 99.7%

Item: Pressure gauge
Bourdon tube pressure gauge with liquid filling and stainless steel series
Manufacturer: Wika
Model: 233.50
Design: EN 837-1
Nominal size: 100 mm
Accuracy class: NS 100: 1.0
Scale range: 0 … 15 bar
Working pressure: Steady: full scale range
Operating temperature: Ambient: -20 … + 60 °C gauges with glycerine filling
Temperature effect: When temperature of the pressure element deviates from reference temperature (+20 °C): max. +0.4 %/10K of treu scale value
Ingress protection: IP65 per EN 60 529/IEC 529
Pressure connection: Stainless steel 316L
Connector position: Lower Mount (LM); NS 100 mm: G ½ B (male), 22 mm flats
Movement: Stainless steel
Dial: White aluminium with black lettering
Pointer: Black aluminium
Case: Natural finish stainless steel, with pressure relief in case back.
Window: Laminated safety glass.
Bezel ring: Cam ring (bayonet type), natural finish stainl. Steel.
Liquid filling: Glycerine 99.7%

Items: Pressure gauge
Bourdon tube pressure gauge, stainless steel series
Manufacturer: Wika
Model: 232.50
Measuring system: Stainless steel
Case: Stainless steel with pressure vent
Bezel ring: Cam ring (bayonet type), stainless steel
Accuracy class: NS63: class 1.6; NS 100/160: class 1.0
Nominal size: 100 mm
Scale range: 0 … 6 bar
Process connection: Diaphragm seal
Connector position: Lower mount
Window: Laminated safety glass
Pointer: Standard black
Flange type: Flushed diaphragm
Model: 990.27
Process connection: ANSI 2” class 150# RF
Material of wetted parts: Stainless steel 316 series
Assembly: Direct assembly with PTFE lining
Fill fluid: KN2 Silicon oil

WIKA Pressure Gauge 0-160 PSI - Liquid/ Glicerin Filled

WIKA Pressure Gauge 0-160 PSI - Liquid/ Glicerin Filled

Specifications:

• Pressure Range: 0-160 PSI
• Size: 2" (50mm)
• Connection: 1/4" NPT center back mount
• Accuracy: +/- 2/1/2% of span
• Wetted Parts: Copper Alloy
• Case: 304 Stainless Steel
• Window: Polycarbonate, Buna-N gasket
• Case-to-Socket: Viton O-ring
• Dial: White ABS plastic
• Pointer: Black aluminum
• Dial Layout: Numbers every 20 PSI, tick marks every 2 PSI
• Media Temperature: 140º F maximum
• Ambient Temperature: -4º F to 140º F

Accu-Gage Pencil Tire Pressure Gauge

Accu-Gage Pencil Tire Pressure Gauge

• Durable stainless steel construction
• Easy-to-read, four-sided nylon scale, 2 psi units
• 0-60 psi range

CruzTOOLS TirePro™ Digital Tire Pressure Gauge

CruzTOOLS TirePro™ Digital Tire Pressure Gauge

• Compact ergonomic shape for easy pressure readings
• Large display, with readings in 1/10 psi increments
• Readings available in multiple scales: psi; BAR, Kpa and Kg-cm
• Auto power off, with last-reading recall feature

Unique Pressure Gauge - Kwik Pressure Gauge

Kwik Pressure Gauge

Accu-Gage 11" Dial Tire Pressure Gauges

Accu-Gage 11" Dial Tire Pressure Gauge

• Flexible 11” hose between gauge and chuck for hard-to-reach tire valves
• Dual range scales with psi and kPa or kg/cm are available
• Polished brass bezel, stem and pressure release valve assembly
• holds pressure reading until released
• Push button valve bleeds air to desired pressure
• 0-60 psi range