Pelton wheel / Pelton turbine / Hydro-power (3D animation)

The Pelton turbine is an impulse turbine that extracts energy from the impulse of moving water and is the preferred turbine for hydro-power.

Francis Turbine

Francis Turbine

Francis Turbine Blade

The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James B. Francis. It is an inward flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. They operate in a head range of ten meters to several hundred meters and are primarily used for electrical power production.

Theory of Operation

The Francis turbine is a reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine, giving up its energy. A casement is needed to contain the water flow. The turbine is located between the high pressure water source and the low pressure water exit, usually at the base of a dam.The inlet is spiral shaped. Guide vanes direct the water tangentially to the turbine wheel, known as a runner. This radial flow acts on the runner's vanes, causing the runner to spin. The guide vanes (or wicket gate) may be adjustable to allow efficient turbine operation for a range of water flow conditions. As the water moves through the runner its spinning radius decreases, further acting on the runner. For an analogy, imagine swinging a ball on a string around in a circle; if the string is pulled short, the ball spins faster due to the conservation of angular momentum. This property, in addition to the water's pressure, helps Francis and other inward-flow turbines harness water energy efficiently.

Application

Francis turbines may be designed for a wide range of heads and flows. This, along with their high efficiency, has made them the most widely used turbine in the world. Francis type units cover a head range from 20 meters to 700 meters, and their output power varies from just a few kilowatts up to one gigawatt. Large Francis turbines are individually designed for each site to operate at the highest possible efficiency, typically over 90%. In addition to electrical production, they may also be used for pumped storage; where a reservoir is filled by the turbine (acting as a pump) during low power demand, and then reversed and used to generate power during peak demand.

Levelflex M FMP45 - ABKASJB23A2A To Be Installed at HP Heater No.8

Old Foxboro Level Transmitter

Levelflex M FMP45 - ABKASJB23A2A To Be Installed at Hp Heater No.8

Levelflex M FMP45 - ABKASJB23A2A

Level measurement, guided radar.
High pressure/high temperature.
Application: mainly liquids.
Ideal to measure in bypass/chamber.
Setup-/diagnostic software included.
Factory precalibrated.
Reliable measuring:
:: in case of moved surface + foam
:: for changing medias
SIL declaration of conformity
A Approval: Non-hazardous area
B Process Temperature: -200...+400oC/-328...+752oF (HT)
K Probe: 1,200mm,rod 16mm, 316L
ASJ Process Connection: 3" 300/600lbs RF, 316/316L flange ANSI B16.5
B Power Supply; Output: 2-wire; 4-20mA SIL HART
2 Operation:4-line display VU331,Envelope curve display on site
3 Type of Probe: Remote, cable 3m,top entry
A Housing: F12 Alu, coated IP68 NEMA6P
2 cable Entry: Gland M20 (EEx d > thread M20)
A Additional Option: Basic version


Hardware Extern, Miscellaneous


To dismantle existing level transmitter and install new E+H High
Temperature Level Transmitter completes the following breakdown:-
a) To supply 3” spiral wound gasket #600
Qty – 1 set
b) To fabricate and supply & install stand for housing bracket
Qty – 1 set
c) To supply & install stud bolt M18x140mm SS304 c/w 2 nuts
Qty – 8 pcs
d) To fabricate, supply & install cable tray
Qty – 1 set
e) Man power, tools & equipment – 1 lot
f) Mobilize & Demobilize – 1 lot


Hardware Extern, Miscellaneous
1. To supply and install Flange Adaptor (4 holes to 8 holes)
2. ** Only apply for those chambers with 4 holes flange.

The work will be carry out by Endress Hauser Vendor by next week.

H2 Purity Gas Analyzer to be Purchase

Specifications of spare parts for ABB Hydrogen Purity System with redundancy:

P/N : 6548-001

Manufacturer : ABB Automation, UK

Replacement Hydrogen Purity and Purge Gas katharometer with redundancy,

calibrated for 3 ranges of:

85 – 100% H₂ in Air,

0 – 100% Air in CO₂ and

0 – 100% H₂ in CO₂

Output : 0 – 10mV

Power Supply : 350mA

Zero Gas : 85% H₂ in 15% Air

Note : Replacement for Serial No G846802

P/N : 4234-500

Manufacturer : ABB Automation, UK

Replacement Hydrogen Purity Power Supply Unit

Output : 350mA

Power Supply : 240Vac 50Hz

Note : Replacement for obsolete model with Serial No 004234000/02

Related articles:

- ABB H2 Panel Mounted Transmitter

- Hydrogen, H2 Gas Purity System

Row of Turbine or Generator

Row of Turbine at in Turbine Hall Power Station

Maybe the pic (turbine) at the back of this unit not so clear... Sorry!

ABB Advant Controller 31 Analog I/O Card Failure

ABB Advant Controller 31 Analog I/O 07AC91 Card

ABB Advant Controller 31 Analog I/O Card failure and effect all the Generator System. Currently problem solved by replace the faulty module 07AC91 and unit returned back in good condition.

Turbine Drain Sump Pit - Upgrading Level Probe Switch to Ultrasonic Switch Type

Project in Progress - Turbine Drain Sump Pit - Upgrading Level Probe Switch to Ultrasonic Switch Type

The previous level probe switch always giving fault signal and disturbs controlling of the water level in the system. The new type of Ultrasonic Model non-contact which expected to be more robust and reliable.

Specifications:

FDU91F-RN1A* PROSONIC S
FMU90-R11CA131AA1A* PROSONIC S
RSG30-A1A1AAA1* ECOGRAGH T

Now it is almost complete.

Turbine Jurnal Bearing Thermocouple

Turbine Thermocouple (Sensor)

Turbine Thermocouple (Socket)

Turbine Thermocouple (Overall)

1) Thermocouple for turbine journal bearing:

Model: T22
Type: T Duplex
Length: 1000mm
Accessories: Male and female connector, mounting spring and pin connector
Quantity: 10 pieces

2) Thermocouple for turbine thrust bearing:

Model: T22
Type: T Duplex
Length: 400mm
Accessories: Male and female connector, mounting spring and pin connector
Quantity: 10 pieces

Special Tools for Turbine Work (TSE)

Special Tools for Turbine Work (TSE)

Turbine Generator Speed Sensor - Radio Energie Type Y9-50

Turbine Generator Speed Sensor

Radio Energie Type Y9-50 Specification

Turbine Generator Speed Sensor - Radio Energie Type Y9-50

Turbine Speed Sensor Photo

Turbine Speed Sensor Photo

Turbine Blade Looks Like When Casing Removed

Turbine Blade

GE Matrix Proximity Sensor or Probe Alternative of Bently Nevada Probe

Proximity Probe

ITEM : REVERSE MOUNT PROXIMITY PROBE
MODEL : MX330105-02-12-10-02-00
CASE THREAD : 3/8” – 24
UNTHREADED
LENGTH : 0.2 IN
PROBE LENGTH : 1.0 MTR
QUANTITY : 1 UNIT

This is alternative vibration sensor probe instead of Bently Nevada vibration sensor.

ABB Hydrogen Purity Gas Analyzer

This is the link which I have mentioned related to Hydrogen Purity Gas Analyzer. Currently we are going to purchase some spares of it. Here is the lists;

1) Valve Metering
2) Power Supply Unit
3) Flow Meter
4) Ring Seal Coupling
5) Seal Top Drying Chamber
6) Gauze Drying Chamber
7) Zener Diode MTL70SS
8) Safety Barrier MTL77SS
9) Indicator Display H2/Air
10) Khatarometer Unit

I am not so sure about all these listing but I got these from the ABB's guy. Therefore I need to check details each of the instrumentation parts.

Turbine Function Block Generally

This is another turbine function block which also contributed by my colleague as in my previous post.

Hopefully you can learn something on this big picture generally either on the turbine side or the boiler side. Happy learning!

New Pressure Gauge to be Fitted at The Condenser Inlet Pipe

The reason to fit the pressure gauge is to investigate the Cooling Water Pump problem and condenser performance. On each inlet and outlet leg there are stubs fitted with isolating valves and blank flange. Isolate, remove flange and drill and thread to suit pressure gauges. (Note one inlet leg has no isolating valve) Suggest gauges have to be as fitted on CW discharges i.e. SS 150MM dia, range 0 to 6 bar. See attached Photos.


On the outlet sides propose to fit gauges at lower level to make reading easier by piping impulse line down to suitable mounting location.

Unit No.1 High Pressure Heater No.6, 7 and 8 Emergency Control Valve Not Fully Shut

HP HTR 8 level transmitter showing very low reading. Check at local gauge glass found actual level low. Check at the emergency control valve found, High Pressure Heater No.7 and No.8 valve position not fully shut and causing the HP HTR level drain to the flash box. DCS command to the control valve already fully shut. Suspect not enough air pressure to close the control valve (air to close).

After doing some checking, not enough air pressure to close the control valve from the volume booster. The function of volume booster is to boost big volume air to the valve diaphragm either fast closing or fast opening. Servicing done for all volume booster HP Heater and reading back to normal operation.

Checking at the store found that the stock level for this volume booster is also low and need to raise new purchase request. I enclose here the photo and the specification for you to review.


Volume Booster
Blackborough Control Valve
Model No : 25
SWP : 150 Psig
Pipe Conns : ¼ ” NPT

Introduction to Generator Hydrogen Gas Cooling System

The gas unit for generator gas cooling comprises the components necessary to fill the generator with hydrogen, maintain it under pressure, check the gas purity and evacuate the generator. To prevent the formation of explosive gas mixtures, the air in the generator is expelled with CO2 prior to filling with H2.

Generator Hydrogen Gas Cooling Area

H2 gas is then pumped in, displacing the C02. When evacuating the generator, the order is reversed. The H2 is first expelled with CO2; afterwards the CO2 is expelled with compressed air (dry and oil-free).

What is A Steam Turbine?

According to Wikepedia, steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts heat energy from pressurize steam converts into the mechanical motion. 86% of electric generation in the world is using steam turbine. The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam. A turbine contains dozens of louvers or angled blades mounted to a central shaft. The turbine output shaft is connected to a massive generator. The wheels and shaft begin to rotate at high speed when the dry super heated steam ported into the turbine. Meaning that its depend on heat source (boiler) to change the water into super heated steam. Manjung Power Plant is using burning coal in generate or produce power.

Feed Water Tank Pressure Transmitter Bar Absolute

This morning I got another email complaint on our instrumentation field device about Feedwater Tank Pressure Transmitter:

"I have been highlighting the Unit 1 Feedwater Tank Pressure Transmitters (01LAA11CP501A/B/C) since December 25^th. The transmitters should read Bars Absolute but have been set to Bars Gauge. This means that the FWT Pressure Control operates at 2.7 barg (3.7 bar abs) instead of 1.7 barg (2.7 bar abs).

Please use this opportunity to correct this defect."

Actually it was already 5 years the pressure transmitter range mode in bar gauge for all three unit in our Coal Fired Power Plant and nobody highlighted this issue before. The original range is 0 to 15 bars gauge. Then when to change to absolute mode the range become -1.013 to 13.987 bars absolute. Job done and the reading left as 1.4 bars absolute as per mimic picture.